A Piece of the Pi: mathematics explained
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Colouring identical cuboids
How many colours do we need to colour a fixed stack of identical cuboids with integer coordinates in such a way that no two cuboids of the same colour…
Dec 30, 2025
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Richard Green
6
2
2
Modular curve stitching
Consider the points of a clock face, numbered 1 up to 12, and for each point k, draw a straight line between k and 2k, taking remainders modulo 12.
Dec 10, 2025
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Richard Green
11
6
4
Perfect difference sets and Sidon sets
Consider a wheel with 21 evenly spaced positions, consecutively numbered 0, 1, 2, up to 20, and highlight the positions 1, 2, 5, 15, and 17 in bold, as…
Oct 30, 2025
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Richard Green
7
2
2
The golden ratio as a number base
The Fibonacci numbers (1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, …) are one of the most famous sequences of integers.
Sep 27, 2025
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Richard Green
20
7
5
Spiral Sudoku
Suppose we have a 5×5 grid with 15 circled positions in a spiral shape as shown above.
Jul 23, 2025
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Richard Green
10
5
1
Tiling the plane with congruent polygons
It is impossible to tile the plane with regular pentagons of the same size, because the internal angle of a pentagon is 108°, and 360 is not a multiple…
Jun 29, 2025
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Richard Green
3
1
Anti-inductive dice
David and Goliath each have a six-sided die.
Apr 28, 2025
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Richard Green
13
4
1
Which way is the bike going?
Is it possible to deduce the direction of motion of a bicycle just by looking at the shape of the tracks it leaves?
Mar 24, 2025
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Richard Green
5
2
1
Rubik’s abstract polytopes
The well-known puzzle Rubik’s Cube can be generalized in a number of ways, for example by turning it into a 4×4×4 or 5×5×5 puzzle.
Mar 3, 2025
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Richard Green
9
1
Turning a triangle into a square
In 1902, Henry Dudeney showed that it is possible to cut an equilateral triangle into four polygonal pieces, and then to rotate and translate those…
Jan 11, 2025
•
Richard Green
23
3
1
Chutes, ladders, and Markov chains
The classic board game of Snakes and Ladders (or Chutes and Ladders) originated almost 2000 years ago in India, where it is known as Moksha Patam (see…
Dec 4, 2024
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Richard Green
12
2
2
Repunits and prime numbers
A repunit (“repeated unit”) is a number that only contains the digit 1 in some number base.
Nov 18, 2024
•
Richard Green
7
4
1
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